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ReCAP: Detection of Potentially Avoidable Harm in Oncology From Patient Medical Records

Identifieur interne : 000B92 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000B91; suivant : 000B93

ReCAP: Detection of Potentially Avoidable Harm in Oncology From Patient Medical Records

Auteurs : Allison Lipitz-Snyderman [États-Unis] ; Saul N. Weingart [États-Unis] ; Christopher Anderson [États-Unis] ; Andrew S. Epstein [États-Unis] ; Aileen Killen [États-Unis] ; David Classen [États-Unis] ; Camelia S. Sima [États-Unis] ; Elizabeth Fortier [États-Unis] ; Coral L. Atoria [États-Unis] ; David Pfister [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : PMC:5486447

Abstract

QUESTION ASKED:

Although medical record–based measurement of adverse events (AEs) associated with cancer care is desirable, condition-specific triggers in oncology care are needed. We sought to develop a screening tool to facilitate efficient detection of AEs across settings of cancer care via medical record review. We hope to use this tool to understand the frequency, spectrum, and preventability of AEs with the goal of helping improve the quality and safety of cancer care.

SUMMARY ANSWER:

We developed a cancer-specific screening tool to help identify candidate preventable AEs that occur during cancer care from patients’ medical records. Our oncology screening tool consists of 76 triggers—readily identifiable findings to screen for possible AEs that occur during cancer care (Table 1).

METHODS:

We sought to develop a screening tool to facilitate the detection of AEs across settings of cancer care via medical record review. We obtained structured and unstructured input from clinical experts to develop our tool, using a modified Delphi process.

BIAS, CONFOUNDING FACTOR(S), DRAWBACKS:

Our oncology tool requires further evaluation in order to understand its usefulness for population-based assessments of AEs in oncology and quality improvement.

REAL-LIFE IMPLICATIONS:

Information obtained from structured record reviews using an oncology trigger tool could help to prioritize quality improvement activities, identify high-risk groups, and generate cancer-focused quality measures. Ultimately, the goals of this work are to prevent AEs and allow timely, automated identification of these events so that clinicians can intervene promptly to improve patient outcomes.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Oncology Trigger Tool

Trigger
Laboratory
 L1Adrenal function studies*
 L2Abnormal phosphate (> 5, < 1.5 mg/dL)*
 L3Abnormal serum bicarbonate (< 18, > 36 mEq/L)*
 L4Abnormal serum bilirubin (> 2 mg/dL)*
 L5Abnormal serum calcium (> 12, < 7 mg/dL)*
 L6Abnormal serum magnesium (> 4, < 1.5 mg/dL)*
 L7Abnormal serum potassium (> 6, < 2.5 mEq/L)*
 L8Abnormal serum sodium (> 150, < 130 mEq/L)*
 L9Arterial blood gas (not in PACU/ICU)*
 L10Bladder catheter and positive urine culture*
 L11BNP (> 400 pg/mL)*
 L12Clostridium difficile toxin positive*
 L13Elevated AST (> 300 units/L) or ALT (> 300 units/L)*
 L14Elevated blood glucose (> 250 mg/dL)*
 L15Elevated creatinine > 1 mg/dL and 50% greater than baseline*
 L16Elevated INR (> 8)*
 L17Elevated lipase (> 160 U/L)*
 L18Elevated serum uric acid (> 10 mg/dL)*
 L19Elevated troponin (> 0.64 ng/mL)*
 L20Elevated TSH (> 10 mcU/mL)*
 L21Low fibrinogen (< 100 mg/dL)*
 L22Neutropenic fever (except in patients with leukemia or bone marrow transplant)*
 L23Platelet count < 20,000 (except in patients with leukemia or bone marrow transplant)*
 L24Positive blood culture without contaminant (eg, Staphylococcus epidermidis)*
 L25Tylenol blood level*
Orders
 R1Acute inpatient dialysis
 R2Blood transfusion
 R3Cardiac defibrillator
 R4Chest x-ray in inpatient or urgent care center
 R5Contact precautions/order for isolation
 R6Fistulogram/sinogram
 R7High-dose intravenous proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole 80-mg bolus followed by 8 mg/h infusion)
 R8ICU transfer from floor
 R9Nasogastric tube (not in operating room)
 R10Noncontrast chest CT scan after radiation to the chest
 R11Percutaneous drain placement
 R12Platelet transfusion (except in patients with leukemia or bone marrow transplant)
 R13Positive bone imaging test (plain films, CT scans)
 R14Positive lower-extremity ultrasound
 R15Positive upper-extremity ultrasound
 R16Rapid response team
 R17Reintubation
 R18Steroid enema
 R19Use of pressors
Consultations
 C1Inpatient cardiology consult*
 C2Inpatient gastroenterology consult*
 C3Inpatient or outpatient IR consult (excluding referral for port placement)
 C4Inpatient surgery consult for nonsurgical patients*
 C5Lymphedema consult*
 C6Nephrology consult*
 C7Neurology consult and noncontrast head CT scan*
 C8Sitter and inpatient psychiatric consult*
General care
 G1Death in hospital
 G2Extravasation
 G3Fall
 G4Hospital readmission/urgent care visit within 72 h of hospital discharge or ambulatory surgery
 G5Low urine output (< 30 mL/h)
 G6Pressure ulcer
 G7Return to the operating room or IR within 30 days of surgery
Vital signs
 V1Blood pressure (> 200/100 mmHg)
 V2Low oximetry results (Sao2 < 88%)
 V3Pain score (≥ 7)
 V4Temperature (< 35°C perioperatively)
Medication related
 M1Epinephrine*
 M2Flumazenil, glucagon, naloxone, protamine*
 M3Initiation of therapeutic anticoagulation*
 M4Intravascular thrombolytic therapy*
 M5Kayexalate*
 M6Methylnaltrexone*
 M7Octreotide*
 M8Oral anesthetics (eg, Magic Mouthwash, viscous lidocaine)*
 M9Sodium thiosulfate, hyaluronidase, topical dimethylsulfoxide, dexrazoxane, phentolamine*
 M10Total parenteral nutrition*
 M11Use of intravenous glucose or dextrose*
 M12Use of more than three doses of antiemetics within 24 h*
 M13Vitamin K*

Abbreviations: BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CT, computed tomography; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; IR, interventional radiology; PACU, postanesthesia care unit; Sao2, arterial oxygen saturation; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Triggers have been automated in the pilot study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.


Url:
DOI: 10.1200/JOP.2015.006874
PubMed: 26869656
PubMed Central: 5486447


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">ReCAP: Detection of Potentially Avoidable Harm in Oncology From Patient Medical Records</title>
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</affiliation>
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</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Atoria, Coral L" sort="Atoria, Coral L" uniqKey="Atoria C" first="Coral L." last="Atoria">Coral L. Atoria</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Pfister, David" sort="Pfister, David" uniqKey="Pfister D" first="David" last="Pfister">David Pfister</name>
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</affiliation>
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<series>
<title level="j">Journal of Oncology Practice</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1554-7477</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1935-469X</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec>
<title>QUESTION ASKED:</title>
<p>Although medical record–based measurement of adverse events (AEs) associated with cancer care is desirable, condition-specific triggers in oncology care are needed. We sought to develop a screening tool to facilitate efficient detection of AEs across settings of cancer care via medical record review. We hope to use this tool to understand the frequency, spectrum, and preventability of AEs with the goal of helping improve the quality and safety of cancer care.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>SUMMARY ANSWER:</title>
<p>We developed a cancer-specific screening tool to help identify candidate preventable AEs that occur during cancer care from patients’ medical records. Our oncology screening tool consists of 76 triggers—readily identifiable findings to screen for possible AEs that occur during cancer care (
<xref ref-type="table" rid="T01">Table 1</xref>
).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>METHODS:</title>
<p>We sought to develop a screening tool to facilitate the detection of AEs across settings of cancer care via medical record review. We obtained structured and unstructured input from clinical experts to develop our tool, using a modified Delphi process.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>BIAS, CONFOUNDING FACTOR(S), DRAWBACKS:</title>
<p>Our oncology tool requires further evaluation in order to understand its usefulness for population-based assessments of AEs in oncology and quality improvement.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>REAL-LIFE IMPLICATIONS:</title>
<p>Information obtained from structured record reviews using an oncology trigger tool could help to prioritize quality improvement activities, identify high-risk groups, and generate cancer-focused quality measures. Ultimately, the goals of this work are to prevent AEs and allow timely, automated identification of these events so that clinicians can intervene promptly to improve patient outcomes.</p>
<table-wrap id="T01" position="float">
<label>Table 1.</label>
<caption>
<p>Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Oncology Trigger Tool</p>
</caption>
<alternatives>
<graphic xlink:href="JOPR006874t01"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<col width="20.81%" span="1"></col>
<col width="79.19%" span="1"></col>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th valign="bottom" align="left" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trigger</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Laboratory</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L1</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adrenal function studies
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L2</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal phosphate (> 5, < 1.5 mg/dL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L3</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal serum bicarbonate (< 18, > 36 mEq/L)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L4</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal serum bilirubin (> 2 mg/dL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L5</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal serum calcium (> 12, < 7 mg/dL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L6</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal serum magnesium (> 4, < 1.5 mg/dL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L7</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal serum potassium (> 6, < 2.5 mEq/L)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L8</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abnormal serum sodium (> 150, < 130 mEq/L)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L9</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Arterial blood gas (not in PACU/ICU)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L10</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bladder catheter and positive urine culture
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L11</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BNP (> 400 pg/mL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L12</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<italic>Clostridium difficile</italic>
toxin positive
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L13</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevated AST (> 300 units/L) or ALT (> 300 units/L)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L14</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevated blood glucose (> 250 mg/dL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L15</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevated creatinine > 1 mg/dL and 50% greater than baseline
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L16</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevated INR (> 8)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L17</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevated lipase (> 160 U/L)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L18</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevated serum uric acid (> 10 mg/dL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L19</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevated troponin (> 0.64 ng/mL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L20</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevated TSH (> 10 mcU/mL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L21</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Low fibrinogen (< 100 mg/dL)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L22</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neutropenic fever (except in patients with leukemia or bone marrow transplant)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L23</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Platelet count < 20,000 (except in patients with leukemia or bone marrow transplant)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L24</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive blood culture without contaminant (eg,
<italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</italic>
)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> L25</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tylenol blood level
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Orders</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R1</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acute inpatient dialysis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R2</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blood transfusion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R3</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cardiac defibrillator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R4</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chest x-ray in inpatient or urgent care center</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R5</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Contact precautions/order for isolation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R6</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fistulogram/sinogram</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R7</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High-dose intravenous proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole 80-mg bolus followed by 8 mg/h infusion)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R8</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICU transfer from floor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R9</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nasogastric tube (not in operating room)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R10</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Noncontrast chest CT scan after radiation to the chest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R11</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percutaneous drain placement</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R12</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Platelet transfusion (except in patients with leukemia or bone marrow transplant)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R13</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive bone imaging test (plain films, CT scans)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R14</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive lower-extremity ultrasound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R15</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Positive upper-extremity ultrasound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R16</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rapid response team</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R17</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reintubation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R18</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Steroid enema</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> R19</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Use of pressors</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Consultations</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> C1</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inpatient cardiology consult
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> C2</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inpatient gastroenterology consult
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> C3</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inpatient or outpatient IR consult (excluding referral for port placement)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> C4</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inpatient surgery consult for nonsurgical patients
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> C5</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lymphedema consult
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> C6</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nephrology consult
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> C7</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neurology consult and noncontrast head CT scan
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> C8</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sitter and inpatient psychiatric consult
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1">General care</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> G1</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death in hospital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> G2</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Extravasation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> G3</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fall</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> G4</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hospital readmission/urgent care visit within 72 h of hospital discharge or ambulatory surgery</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> G5</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Low urine output (< 30 mL/h)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> G6</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pressure ulcer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> G7</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Return to the operating room or IR within 30 days of surgery</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vital signs</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> V1</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blood pressure (> 200/100 mmHg)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> V2</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Low oximetry results (Sa
<sc>o</sc>
<sub>2</sub>
< 88%)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> V3</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pain score (≥ 7)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> V4</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Temperature (< 35°C perioperatively)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medication related</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M1</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Epinephrine
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M2</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Flumazenil, glucagon, naloxone, protamine
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M3</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Initiation of therapeutic anticoagulation
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M4</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Intravascular thrombolytic therapy
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M5</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kayexalate
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M6</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Methylnaltrexone
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M7</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Octreotide
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M8</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oral anesthetics (eg, Magic Mouthwash, viscous lidocaine)
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M9</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sodium thiosulfate, hyaluronidase, topical dimethylsulfoxide, dexrazoxane, phentolamine
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M10</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total parenteral nutrition
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M11</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Use of intravenous glucose or dextrose
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M12</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Use of more than three doses of antiemetics within 24 h
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> M13</td>
<td valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vitamin K
<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t01n1">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn fn-type="abbr">
<p>Abbreviations: BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CT, computed tomography; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; IR, interventional radiology; PACU, postanesthesia care unit; Sa
<sc>o</sc>
<sub>2</sub>
, arterial oxygen saturation; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t01n1">
<label>*</label>
<p>Triggers have been automated in the pilot study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Californie</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Californie">
<name sortKey="Lipitz Snyderman, Allison" sort="Lipitz Snyderman, Allison" uniqKey="Lipitz Snyderman A" first="Allison" last="Lipitz-Snyderman">Allison Lipitz-Snyderman</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Anderson, Christopher" sort="Anderson, Christopher" uniqKey="Anderson C" first="Christopher" last="Anderson">Christopher Anderson</name>
<name sortKey="Atoria, Coral L" sort="Atoria, Coral L" uniqKey="Atoria C" first="Coral L." last="Atoria">Coral L. Atoria</name>
<name sortKey="Classen, David" sort="Classen, David" uniqKey="Classen D" first="David" last="Classen">David Classen</name>
<name sortKey="Epstein, Andrew S" sort="Epstein, Andrew S" uniqKey="Epstein A" first="Andrew S." last="Epstein">Andrew S. Epstein</name>
<name sortKey="Fortier, Elizabeth" sort="Fortier, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Fortier E" first="Elizabeth" last="Fortier">Elizabeth Fortier</name>
<name sortKey="Killen, Aileen" sort="Killen, Aileen" uniqKey="Killen A" first="Aileen" last="Killen">Aileen Killen</name>
<name sortKey="Pfister, David" sort="Pfister, David" uniqKey="Pfister D" first="David" last="Pfister">David Pfister</name>
<name sortKey="Sima, Camelia S" sort="Sima, Camelia S" uniqKey="Sima C" first="Camelia S." last="Sima">Camelia S. Sima</name>
<name sortKey="Weingart, Saul N" sort="Weingart, Saul N" uniqKey="Weingart S" first="Saul N." last="Weingart">Saul N. Weingart</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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